Current Issue : July-September Volume : 2025 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
As the coverage of China’s carbon emissions trading market expands from the power industry to the cement, steel, and electrolytic aluminum industries, the measurement and verification of carbon emissions of Chinese enterprises become increasingly important. This paper draws on the IPCC inventory compilation method and constructs an electric carbon model at the enterprise level in terms of energy consumption and production process; at the same time, it collects microdata from a total of 44 enterprises in three industries, namely, electrolytic aluminum, cement, and ferroalloy, in Qinghai Province. Based on the constructed electric carbon model, high-frequency measurement of enterprise carbon emissions was conducted. In order to verify the validity of the results, this paper examines the results from the perspectives of internal logic and external standards. The examination shows that the carbon model constructed in this paper has advantages such as cost-effectiveness, high measurement frequency, and accuracy, and it is suitable for third-party verification organizations or relevant management departments to use in the wide-scale measurement and verification of carbon emissions of enterprises....
Cryptocurrencies improved the efficiency of traditional financial transactions, decentralized them, and increased access to finance. However, these developments exacerbate their vulnerabilities by making it simpler for criminals and money launderers to evade money laundering laws. This could also imply that criminals exploited a potential gap in existing law and regulation frameworks between jurisdictions, or that they used cryptocurrencies as de facto forms to better conceal illicit sources, making evasion easier through detection across a border or nation. The paper discusses further the involvement of cryptocurrencies in remodeling methodologies related to money laundering by showing their employment at every placement, layering, and integration phase. Furthermore, it has endeavored to address the issues that regulators confront in combating money laundering and similar unlawful acts by exploring mitigation techniques from an international collaborative and technologically creative standpoint. This study aims to provide insight into how digital cryptocurrencies are linked to financial crimes in the ever-changing environment of hazards and legal requirements that accompany their growth and adoption....
At present, the global carbon neutrality action is intended to change the energy structure and promote the development of regional energy trade, which is conducive to alleviating the contradiction between energy supply and demand. Based on this, the paper uses the RCA index to explain the complementary advantages of different types of energy trade among RCEP countries in depth. In addition, the trade gravity model is applied to compare and analyze the various influencing factors of energy trade to seek the best measures for energy trade cooperation. The results show that compared with renewable energy, traditional energy is more complementary. China and Australia have the strongest energy complementarity, followed by ASEAN countries. The GDP, energy trade complementarity, economic liberalization, the trade environment, and the technological level all affect fossil energy trade and renewable energy trade to varying degrees. When the detailed planning of the carbon neutrality target is completed, the effect of each significant factor on trade is stronger. In this regard, the smooth realization of energy trade cooperation between China and the RCEP requires a series of measures to support....
Despite the fact that a decade has elapsed since the establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), the impact of the EAEU on the economic development of its member states remains a subject of ongoing debate. This article examines the mutual trade in services between the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) countries, with the aim of assessing the impact of membership on it. The difference-in-difference model has been applied for impact assessment. The model utilizes data from five EAEU member countries— Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia—capturing periods both before and after their EAEU membership, spanning 17 years in total. The results show that membership in the EAEU has significantly affected the exports of services from Russia and Belarus and has a less significant impact on the exports of services from Kazakhstan to the EAEU. At the same time, it has no significant effect on the exports of services from Kyrgyzstan and Armenia to other EAEU countries. In order to ascertain the challenges that exist, expert surveys among service exporters from Armenia have been conducted. Representatives of companies exporting various services to the EAEU have been selected as experts. The survey results indicate the presence of various barriers, including legal, logistical (for cargo transportation companies), and cultural challenges. These barriers encompass licensing difficulties, technical obstacles related to VAT refunds, a ban on cash payments, and difficulties with financial transfers due to sanctions against Russia. The findings of this research are of practical importance and can serve as a guideline for policymakers in the EAEU....
David Friedman’s Iowa Car thought that experiment challenges modern perceptions of production and international trade by showing how growing wheat can, in economic sense function as technology for car manufacturing in international trade. When a country exports wheat and import cars, it effectively transforms its agricultural surplus into industrial products through greater efficiency than domestic production. This classical view raises a critical question on the trade barriers imposed by government like tariffs and quotas that limit this process, resulting in inefficacy in resource allocation by producers. This article explores why Smith’s absolute advantage and Friedman’s comparative advantage are too simplistic to capture the complex realities of international trade. It focuses particularly on the rationale for the government- imposed trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas that force producers to be more wasteful and less efficient. It argues that trade barriers prioritize political, environmental and social concerns over the overall economic efficiency resulting to suboptimal results for consumers and producers in the international trade. The discussion recommends a more comprehensive framework through the dynamic comparative advantage and strategic trade theory....
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